MCU startup code is the low-level code that executes during the early stages of MCU initialization after a reset. On a Cortex-M device, the processor begins the reset sequence by loading the initial Main Stack Pointer (MSP) and the reset handler address from the vector table. Depending on the MCU’s boot architecture, a boot ROM or
MCU Startup Code: What Happens Before main() Runs (ARM Cortex-M Example) Read More »
Understanding the linker script (.icf file) is crucial for achieving precise control over the memory layout when working with STM32 microcontrollers in IAR Embedded Workbench. Whether you’re a beginner just trying to flash an LED or an advanced embedded developer optimizing bootloaders, this guide walks you through IAR linker scripts—from the basics to the advanced
IAR Linker Script for STM32: Complete Guide (Basic to Advanced) 🛠️ Read More »
My previous article covered JEDEC (Joint Electron Device Engineering Council) standards and their Flash commands. In embedded systems, JEDEC-compliant serial flash memory, such as NOR Flash used with QSPI or SPI, is commonly used for tasks like storing code, updating firmware, or saving parameters. In this article, we will design a flexible and scalable JEDEC
How to Implement a JEDEC Memory Access Architecture in C++ Read More »
When working with Flash memory in embedded systems, consistency and compatibility are crucial. That’s where JEDEC steps in. In addition to standardizing DRAM and packaging, JEDEC also defines the command sets for NOR and NAND Flash memory devices, ensuring seamless operation across devices from different manufacturers. 💾 What Are JEDEC Flash Memory Commands? JEDEC Flash
JEDEC Flash Commands: What They Are & Why They Matter in Embedded Systems Read More »
JEDEC stands for Joint Electron Device Engineering Council. It is a global industry group that develops open standards for the microelectronics industry, especially in the areas of semiconductors, memory chips, and related components. Its membership includes hundreds of companies ranging from chip manufacturers like Intel, AMD, and Micron, to equipment suppliers, software providers, and test
What is JEDEC? Understanding the Role of JEDEC Standards in Semiconductors Read More »
If you have worked with the C++ STL library, you have definitely encountered the error “Vector subscript out of range.” This occurs when attempting to access an element in a std::vector using an invalid index. This often leads to undefined behavior, crashes, or runtime errors. In this article, we will discuss the causes of this
Fixing ‘Vector Subscript Out of Range’ Error in C++ Read More »
In this blog post, you will learn how to Print a 2D Vector in C++ with the help of C++ programs. I have already written an article “how to initialize a vector in C++“, you can check. Now comes the topic of how we can print a 2D vector in C++. So, let’s get started,
How to Print a 2D Vector in C++ Read More »
In this article, we will guide you through the steps to create a simple project that enables and handles external interrupts to the STM32 microcontroller. For this tutorial, we’ll use the STM32 NUCLEO-H563ZI development board. In this tutorial, we will generate the necessary code using STM32CubeMX and utilize HAL functions for an efficient implementation. So
STM32 External Interrupt with example code Read More »
In this article, we will guide you through the steps to create a simple project that blinks an LED connected to the STM32 microcontroller. For this tutorial, we’ll use the STM32 NUCLEO-H563ZI development board. In this tutorial, we will take advantage of STM32CubeMX to generate the necessary code and utilize HAL functions for an efficient
Blinking an LED on STM32: Step-by-Step Guide Read More »
In my previous blog post, I discussed how to blink an LED using the STM32 microcontroller. In this tutorial, we will learn how to configure STM32 button input using STM32CubeMX and control an LED based on button presses. Understanding how to read a button input is essential for building interactive STM32 applications. For this tutorial,
STM32 GPIO Button and LED Control – Understanding STM32 Button Input Read More »